典型无机非金属材料增材制造研究与应用现状

Study and Application Status of Additive Manufacturing of Typical Inorganic Non-metallic Materials

中文关键词: 增材制造 无机非金属材料 材料处理工艺 三维成形工艺 后处理工艺 三维打印 选择性激光烧结 选择性激光熔融

英文关键词: additive manufacturing, inorganic non-metallic materials, material handling process, three-dimensional forming process, post treatment process, 3D printing, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting

中文摘要:

      增材制造是基于离散堆积思想实现原型或产品零件的快速制造。作为三大材料之一的无机非金属材料在医疗、航天航空、汽车、建筑、工艺品等众多领域都具有无可比拟的巨大应用前景,为了能够快速制造形状任意复杂的器件,无机非金属材料的增材制造成为当下研究的热点。从增材制造技术类型、材料等方面详细阐述国内外无机非金属材料增材制造研究水平与发展状况,对比几种常用的无机非金属材料,重点是针对几种常见的陶瓷材料以及用于砂型铸造材料等成形特点及面临问题进行阐述,阐明了目前无机非金属材料增材制造存在的迫切需要解决的关键性问题,并深入分析了材料处理工艺、3DP/SLS/SLM三维成形工艺、后处理工艺对成形件的质量和性能的影响作用,最后对宝玉石材料的增材制造提出一些展望。

英文摘要:

      Additive manufacturing is a rapid manufacturing based on discrete accumulation to achieve prototypes or parts of products. Inorganic non-metallic materials, as one of the three major materials, have incomparable application prospect in medical, aerospace, automotive, construction, arts and crafts, as well as many other fields. In order to rapidly create devices with arbitrarily complex shapes, additive manufacturing of inorganic non-metallic materials is becoming a hot spot of current research. In view of the technical types, materials and other aspects, this article introduced research status and development of additive manufacturing in inorganic non-metallic materials at home and abroad. Several common inorganic non-metallic materials are compared and analyzed. The forming characteristics and the problems of several popular ceramic materials and sand-casting materials are illustrated with emphases. The key problems existed in additive manufacturing forming process of inorganic non-metallic material are pointed out and urgent to be solved at present. Furthermore, the impacts of the material handling process, 3DP/SLS/SLM three-dimensional forming processes and post treatment process on the quality and performance of the forming parts are analyzed. Finally, the prospects in additive manufacturing of the gem material are put forward.